fond
Model Checking Contest 2025
15th edition, Paris, France, June 24, 2025
Execution of r154-tall-174876825400263
Last Updated
June 24, 2025

About the Execution of 2024-gold for Parking-PT-416

Execution Summary
Max Memory
Used (MB)
Time wait (ms) CPU Usage (ms) I/O Wait (ms) Computed Result Execution
Status
15683.960 12509.00 24934.00 71.20 F normal

Execution Chart

We display below the execution chart for this examination (boot time has been removed).

Trace from the execution

Formatting '/data/fkordon/mcc2025-input.r154-tall-174876825400263.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=4294967296 backing_file=/data/fkordon/mcc2025-input.qcow2 backing_fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
Waiting for the VM to be ready (probing ssh)
................
=====================================================================
Generated by BenchKit 2-5832
Executing tool gold2024
Input is Parking-PT-416, examination is StableMarking
Time confinement is 1800 seconds
Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes
Number of cores is 4
Run identifier is r154-tall-174876825400263
=====================================================================

--------------------
preparation of the directory to be used:
/home/mcc/execution
total 496K
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.9K May 29 14:47 CTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 77K May 29 14:47 CTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 5.3K May 29 14:47 CTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 49K May 29 14:47 CTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 4.2K May 29 14:32 GenericPropertiesDefinition.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.6K May 29 14:47 LTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 26K May 29 14:47 LTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 2.2K May 29 14:47 LTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 19K May 29 14:47 LTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 7.6K May 29 14:47 ReachabilityCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 75K May 29 14:47 ReachabilityCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 7.6K May 29 14:47 ReachabilityFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 64K May 29 14:47 ReachabilityFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 1.6K May 29 14:47 UpperBounds.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.6K May 29 14:47 UpperBounds.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 May 29 14:32 equiv_col
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 4 May 29 14:32 instance
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 May 29 14:32 iscolored
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 107K May 29 14:32 model.pnml

--------------------
content from stdout:

=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)

The expected result is a vector of booleans
BOOL_VECTOR

FORMULA_NAME StableMarking

=== Now, execution of the tool begins

BK_START 1748842664200

Invoking MCC driver with
BK_TOOL=gold2024
BK_EXAMINATION=StableMarking
BK_BIN_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/
BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT=1800
BK_INPUT=Parking-PT-416
BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT=16384
Applying reductions before tool greatspn
Invoking reducer
Running Version 202405141337
[2025-06-02 05:37:45] [INFO ] Running its-tools with arguments : [-pnfolder, /home/mcc/execution, -examination, StableMarking, -timeout, 180, -rebuildPNML]
[2025-06-02 05:37:45] [INFO ] Parsing pnml file : /home/mcc/execution/model.pnml
[2025-06-02 05:37:45] [INFO ] Load time of PNML (sax parser for PT used): 87 ms
[2025-06-02 05:37:45] [INFO ] Transformed 305 places.
[2025-06-02 05:37:45] [INFO ] Transformed 433 transitions.
[2025-06-02 05:37:45] [INFO ] Found NUPN structural information;
[2025-06-02 05:37:45] [INFO ] Parsed PT model containing 305 places and 433 transitions and 1289 arcs in 183 ms.
Structural test allowed to assert that 121 places are NOT stable. Took 8 ms.
Ensure Unique test removed 176 transitions
Reduce redundant transitions removed 176 transitions.
RANDOM walk for 40000 steps (506 resets) in 2577 ms. (15 steps per ms) remains 40/184 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 18 ms. (210 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 17 ms. (222 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 19 ms. (200 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 16 ms. (235 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 29 ms. (133 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 25 ms. (154 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 13 ms. (286 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 14 ms. (266 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 14 ms. (266 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 12 ms. (308 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 13 ms. (286 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 18 ms. (210 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 12 ms. (308 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 18 ms. (210 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 13 ms. (286 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 18 ms. (210 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 22 ms. (174 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 13 ms. (286 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 13 ms. (286 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 17 ms. (222 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 18 ms. (210 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 16 ms. (235 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 10 ms. (364 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 17 ms. (222 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 10 ms. (364 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 16 ms. (235 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 13 ms. (286 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
BEST_FIRST walk for 4004 steps (8 resets) in 15 ms. (250 steps per ms) remains 40/40 properties
// Phase 1: matrix 257 rows 305 cols
[2025-06-02 05:37:46] [INFO ] Computed 76 invariants in 20 ms
[2025-06-02 05:37:46] [INFO ] State equation strengthened by 60 read => feed constraints.
All remaining problems are real, not stopping.
At refinement iteration 0 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/40 variables, 40/40 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 1 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/40 variables, 0/40 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 2 (OVERLAPS) 99/139 variables, 13/53 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 3 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/139 variables, 99/152 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 4 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/139 variables, 0/152 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 5 (OVERLAPS) 140/279 variables, 59/211 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 6 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/279 variables, 140/351 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 7 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/279 variables, 0/351 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 8 (OVERLAPS) 26/305 variables, 4/355 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 9 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/305 variables, 26/381 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 10 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/305 variables, 0/381 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 11 (OVERLAPS) 257/562 variables, 305/686 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 12 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/562 variables, 60/746 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 13 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/562 variables, 0/746 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 14 (OVERLAPS) 0/562 variables, 0/746 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
No progress, stopping.
After SMT solving in domain Real declared 562/562 variables, and 746 constraints, problems are : Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved in 2066 ms.
Refiners :[Domain max(s): 305/305 constraints, Positive P Invariants (semi-flows): 72/72 constraints, Generalized P Invariants (flows): 4/4 constraints, State Equation: 305/305 constraints, ReadFeed: 60/60 constraints, PredecessorRefiner: 40/40 constraints, Known Traps: 0/0 constraints]
Escalating to Integer solving :Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 0 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/40 variables, 40/40 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 1 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/40 variables, 0/40 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 2 (OVERLAPS) 99/139 variables, 13/53 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 3 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/139 variables, 99/152 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 4 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/139 variables, 0/152 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 5 (OVERLAPS) 140/279 variables, 59/211 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 6 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/279 variables, 140/351 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 7 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/279 variables, 0/351 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 8 (OVERLAPS) 26/305 variables, 4/355 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 9 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/305 variables, 26/381 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
[2025-06-02 05:37:49] [INFO ] Deduced a trap composed of 36 places in 56 ms of which 14 ms to minimize.
[2025-06-02 05:37:49] [INFO ] Deduced a trap composed of 32 places in 46 ms of which 1 ms to minimize.
At refinement iteration 10 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/305 variables, 2/383 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 11 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/305 variables, 0/383 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 12 (OVERLAPS) 257/562 variables, 305/688 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 13 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/562 variables, 60/748 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 14 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/562 variables, 40/788 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
[2025-06-02 05:37:50] [INFO ] Deduced a trap composed of 32 places in 50 ms of which 1 ms to minimize.
At refinement iteration 15 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/562 variables, 1/789 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 16 (INCLUDED_ONLY) 0/562 variables, 0/789 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
At refinement iteration 17 (OVERLAPS) 0/562 variables, 0/789 constraints. Problems are: Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
No progress, stopping.
After SMT solving in domain Int declared 562/562 variables, and 789 constraints, problems are : Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved in 4736 ms.
Refiners :[Domain max(s): 305/305 constraints, Positive P Invariants (semi-flows): 72/72 constraints, Generalized P Invariants (flows): 4/4 constraints, State Equation: 305/305 constraints, ReadFeed: 60/60 constraints, PredecessorRefiner: 40/40 constraints, Known Traps: 3/3 constraints]
After SMT, in 6889ms problems are : Problem set: 0 solved, 40 unsolved
Fused 40 Parikh solutions to 37 different solutions.
Parikh walk visited 6 properties in 2848 ms.
Support contains 34 out of 305 places. Attempting structural reductions.
Starting structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode, iteration 0 : 305/305 places, 257/257 transitions.
Drop transitions (Trivial Post-Agglo cleanup.) removed 8 transitions
Trivial Post-agglo rules discarded 8 transitions
Performed 8 trivial Post agglomeration. Transition count delta: 8
Iterating post reduction 0 with 8 rules applied. Total rules applied 8 place count 305 transition count 249
Reduce places removed 8 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating post reduction 1 with 8 rules applied. Total rules applied 16 place count 297 transition count 249
Performed 8 Pre agglomeration using Quasi-Persistent + Divergent Free condition..
Pre-agglomeration after 2 with 8 Pre rules applied. Total rules applied 16 place count 297 transition count 241
Deduced a syphon composed of 8 places in 1 ms
Reduce places removed 8 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating global reduction 2 with 16 rules applied. Total rules applied 32 place count 289 transition count 241
Discarding 4 places :
Symmetric choice reduction at 2 with 4 rule applications. Total rules 36 place count 285 transition count 237
Iterating global reduction 2 with 4 rules applied. Total rules applied 40 place count 285 transition count 237
Performed 12 Post agglomeration using F-continuation condition.Transition count delta: 12
Deduced a syphon composed of 12 places in 1 ms
Reduce places removed 12 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating global reduction 2 with 24 rules applied. Total rules applied 64 place count 273 transition count 225
Free-agglomeration rule applied 48 times.
Iterating global reduction 2 with 48 rules applied. Total rules applied 112 place count 273 transition count 177
Reduce places removed 48 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating post reduction 2 with 48 rules applied. Total rules applied 160 place count 225 transition count 177
Reduce places removed 1 places and 1 transitions.
Iterating global reduction 3 with 1 rules applied. Total rules applied 161 place count 224 transition count 176
Reduce places removed 48 places and 0 transitions.
Drop transitions (Trivial Post-Agglo cleanup.) removed 59 transitions
Trivial Post-agglo rules discarded 59 transitions
Performed 59 trivial Post agglomeration. Transition count delta: 59
Iterating post reduction 3 with 107 rules applied. Total rules applied 268 place count 176 transition count 117
Reduce places removed 59 places and 0 transitions.
Ensure Unique test removed 8 transitions
Reduce isomorphic transitions removed 8 transitions.
Drop transitions (Trivial Post-Agglo cleanup.) removed 15 transitions
Trivial Post-agglo rules discarded 15 transitions
Performed 15 trivial Post agglomeration. Transition count delta: 15
Iterating post reduction 4 with 82 rules applied. Total rules applied 350 place count 117 transition count 94
Reduce places removed 15 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating post reduction 5 with 15 rules applied. Total rules applied 365 place count 102 transition count 94
Performed 20 Pre agglomeration using Quasi-Persistent + Divergent Free condition..
Pre-agglomeration after 6 with 20 Pre rules applied. Total rules applied 365 place count 102 transition count 74
Deduced a syphon composed of 20 places in 0 ms
Reduce places removed 20 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating global reduction 6 with 40 rules applied. Total rules applied 405 place count 82 transition count 74
Applied a total of 405 rules in 102 ms. Remains 82 /305 variables (removed 223) and now considering 74/257 (removed 183) transitions.
Finished structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode , in 1 iterations and 126 ms. Remains : 82/305 places, 74/257 transitions.
RANDOM walk for 1078 steps (0 resets) in 26 ms. (39 steps per ms) remains 0/34 properties
Able to resolve query StableMarking after proving 185 properties.
FORMULA StableMarking FALSE TECHNIQUES RANDOM_WALK PARIKH_WALK MARKED_SUFFIX_TEST TOPOLOGICAL
Total runtime 11149 ms.
ITS solved all properties within timeout

BK_STOP 1748842676709

--------------------
content from stderr:

+ ulimit -s 65536
+ [[ -z '' ]]
+ export LTSMIN_MEM_SIZE=8589934592
+ LTSMIN_MEM_SIZE=8589934592
+ export PYTHONPATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs
+ PYTHONPATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs
+ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs:
+ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs:
++ sed s/.jar//
++ perl -pe 's/.*\.//g'
++ ls /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin//../reducer/bin//../../itstools//itstools/plugins/fr.lip6.move.gal.application.pnmcc_1.0.0.202405141337.jar
+ VERSION=202405141337
+ echo 'Running Version 202405141337'
+ /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin//../reducer/bin//../../itstools//itstools/its-tools -pnfolder /home/mcc/execution -examination StableMarking -timeout 180 -rebuildPNML

Sequence of Actions to be Executed by the VM

This is useful if one wants to reexecute the tool in the VM from the submitted image disk.

set -x
# this is for BenchKit: configuration of major elements for the test
export BK_INPUT="Parking-PT-416"
export BK_EXAMINATION="StableMarking"
export BK_TOOL="gold2024"
export BK_RESULT_DIR="/tmp/BK_RESULTS/OUTPUTS"
export BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT="1800"
export BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT="16384"
export BK_BIN_PATH="/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/"

# this is specific to your benchmark or test

export BIN_DIR="$HOME/BenchKit/bin"

# remove the execution directoty if it exists (to avoid increse of .vmdk images)
if [ -d execution ] ; then
rm -rf execution
fi

# this is for BenchKit: explicit launching of the test
echo "====================================================================="
echo " Generated by BenchKit 2-5832"
echo " Executing tool gold2024"
echo " Input is Parking-PT-416, examination is StableMarking"
echo " Time confinement is $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT seconds"
echo " Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes"
echo " Number of cores is 4"
echo " Run identifier is r154-tall-174876825400263"
echo "====================================================================="
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "preparation of the directory to be used:"

tar xzf /home/mcc/BenchKit/INPUTS/Parking-PT-416.tgz
mv Parking-PT-416 execution
cd execution
if [ "StableMarking" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "UpperBounds" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "Liveness" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "OneSafe" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "StateSpace" ]; then
rm -f GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
fi
pwd
ls -lh

echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stdout:"
echo
echo "=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)"
echo
if [ "StableMarking" = "UpperBounds" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of positive values"
echo NUM_VECTOR
elif [ "StableMarking" != "StateSpace" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of booleans"
echo BOOL_VECTOR
else
echo "no data necessary for post analysis"
fi
echo
if [ -f "StableMarking.xml" ] ; then # for cunf (txt files deleted;-)
echo echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from xml file)"
for x in $(grep '' StableMarking.xml | cut -d '>' -f 2 | cut -d '<' -f 1 | sort -u) ; do
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ "StableMarking" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "Liveness" ] || [ "StableMarking" = "OneSafe" ] ; then
echo "FORMULA_NAME StableMarking"
fi
echo
echo "=== Now, execution of the tool begins"
echo
echo -n "BK_START "
date -u +%s%3N
echo
timeout -s 9 $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT bash -c "/home/mcc/BenchKit/BenchKit_head.sh 2> STDERR ; echo ; echo -n \"BK_STOP \" ; date -u +%s%3N"
if [ $? -eq 137 ] ; then
echo
echo "BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT_REACHED"
fi
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stderr:"
echo
cat STDERR ;