Execution Chart

We display below the execution chart for this examination (boot time has been removed).

Trace from the execution

Formatting '/data/fkordon/mcc2023-input.r478-smll-167912663900462.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=4294967296 backing_file=/data/fkordon/mcc2023-input.qcow2 cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
Waiting for the VM to be ready (probing ssh)
..............................................
=====================================================================
Generated by BenchKit 2-5348
Executing tool gold2022
Input is StigmergyElection-PT-05b, examination is ReachabilityFireability
Time confinement is 3600 seconds
Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes
Number of cores is 4
Run identifier is r478-smll-167912663900462
=====================================================================

--------------------
preparation of the directory to be used:
/home/mcc/execution
total 888K
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.6K Feb 26 16:30 CTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 68K Feb 26 16:30 CTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.3K Feb 26 16:29 CTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 60K Feb 26 16:29 CTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 Mar 5 18:23 equiv_col
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 4 Mar 5 18:23 instance
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 Mar 5 18:23 iscolored
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.8K Feb 25 17:14 LTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 26K Feb 25 17:14 LTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 2.3K Feb 25 17:14 LTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 17K Feb 25 17:14 LTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 428K Mar 5 18:23 model.pnml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 14K Feb 26 16:30 ReachabilityCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 149K Feb 26 16:30 ReachabilityCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 7.4K Feb 26 16:30 ReachabilityFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 61K Feb 26 16:30 ReachabilityFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 1.7K Feb 25 17:14 UpperBounds.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.8K Feb 25 17:14 UpperBounds.xml

--------------------
content from stdout:

=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)

The expected result is a vector of booleans
BOOL_VECTOR

here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-00
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-01
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-02
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-03
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-04
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-05
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-06
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-07
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-08
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-09
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-10
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-11
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-12
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-13
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-14
FORMULA_NAME StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-15

=== Now, execution of the tool begins

BK_START 1679702721820

gold2022
Got BK_BIN_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/
---> gold2022 --- TAPAAL v5
Setting MODEL_PATH=.
Setting VERIFYPN=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn
Got BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT=3600
Setting TEMPDIR=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp
Got BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT=16384
Limiting to 16265216 kB
Total timeout: 3590
Time left: 3590

**********************************************
* TAPAAL verifying ReachabilityFireability *
**********************************************
TEMPDIR=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp
QF=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY
MF=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam
Time left: 3590
---------------------------------------------------
Step -1: Stripping Colors
---------------------------------------------------
Verifying stripped models (16 in total)
/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -c -q 718 -l 29 -d 299 -z 4 -x 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 ./model.pnml ./ReachabilityFireability.xml
CPN OverApproximation is only usable on colored models
Time left: 3589
---------------------------------------------------
Step 0: Parallel Simplification
---------------------------------------------------
Doing parallel simplification (16 in total)
Total simplification timout is 718 -- reduction timeout is 299
timeout 3589 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -q 718 -l 29 -d 299 -z 4 -s OverApprox --binary-query-io 2 --write-simplified /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --write-reduced /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam -x 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 ./model.pnml ./ReachabilityFireability.xml
FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-08 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 8 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-12 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 12 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Time left: 3588

---------------------------------------------------
Step 1: Parallel processing
---------------------------------------------------
Doing parallel verification of individual queries (14 in total)
Each query is verified by 4 parallel strategies for 256 seconds
------------------- QUERY 1 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.000892 on verification
@@@0.11,8580@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 1 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-03 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3587
------------------- QUERY 2 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.000779 on verification
@@@0.08,8536@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 2 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-14 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3587
------------------- QUERY 3 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Search strategy option was ignored as the TAR engine is called.
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.


Solved using Trace Abstraction Refinement

Spent 0.000195 on verification
@@@0.08,8264@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 3 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-15 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT TRACE_ABSTRACTION_REFINEMENT
Time left: 3586
------------------- QUERY 4 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Search strategy option was ignored as the TAR engine is called.
Query index 0 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.


Solved using Trace Abstraction Refinement

Spent 0.000179 on verification
@@@0.15,8232@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 4 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-10 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT TRACE_ABSTRACTION_REFINEMENT
Time left: 3586
------------------- QUERY 5 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.000822 on verification
@@@0.07,8596@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 5 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-01 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3585
------------------- QUERY 6 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.004802 on verification
@@@0.09,8732@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ DFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 6 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-04 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3585
------------------- QUERY 7 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.001381 on verification
@@@0.09,8740@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 7 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-09 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3584
------------------- QUERY 8 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.

Spent 0.001719 on verification
@@@0.10,8584@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 8 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-11 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3584
------------------- QUERY 9 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Search strategy option was ignored as the TAR engine is called.
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.


Solved using Trace Abstraction Refinement

Spent 0.000426 on verification
@@@0.07,8172@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 9 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-00 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT TRACE_ABSTRACTION_REFINEMENT
Time left: 3584
------------------- QUERY 10 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.

Spent 0.000821 on verification
@@@0.06,8668@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 10 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-02 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3583
------------------- QUERY 11 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.001629 on verification
@@@0.09,8588@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 11 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-07 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3583
------------------- QUERY 12 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.

Spent 0.005455 on verification
@@@0.10,8640@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 12 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-05 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3582
------------------- QUERY 13 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.

Spent 0.016742 on verification
@@@0.10,8480@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 13 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-06 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3582
------------------- QUERY 14 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.003232 on verification
Query index 0 was solved

Query is satisfied.

Spent 0.001297 on verification
@@@0.10,8468@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 14 -n
@@@0.10,8664@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.TXFYdnSTam /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.VJUTtW8blY --binary-query-io 1 -x 14 -n

FORMULA StigmergyElection-PT-05b-ReachabilityFireability-13 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION STUBBORN_SETS
Time left: 3581
All queries are solved
Time left: 3581
terminated-with-cleanup

BK_STOP 1679702730169

--------------------
content from stderr:

Sequence of Actions to be Executed by the VM

This is useful if one wants to reexecute the tool in the VM from the submitted image disk.

set -x
# this is for BenchKit: configuration of major elements for the test
export BK_INPUT="StigmergyElection-PT-05b"
export BK_EXAMINATION="ReachabilityFireability"
export BK_TOOL="gold2022"
export BK_RESULT_DIR="/tmp/BK_RESULTS/OUTPUTS"
export BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT="3600"
export BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT="16384"
export BK_BIN_PATH="/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/"

# this is specific to your benchmark or test

export BIN_DIR="$HOME/BenchKit/bin"

# remove the execution directoty if it exists (to avoid increse of .vmdk images)
if [ -d execution ] ; then
rm -rf execution
fi

# this is for BenchKit: explicit launching of the test
echo "====================================================================="
echo " Generated by BenchKit 2-5348"
echo " Executing tool gold2022"
echo " Input is StigmergyElection-PT-05b, examination is ReachabilityFireability"
echo " Time confinement is $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT seconds"
echo " Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes"
echo " Number of cores is 4"
echo " Run identifier is r478-smll-167912663900462"
echo "====================================================================="
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "preparation of the directory to be used:"

tar xzf /home/mcc/BenchKit/INPUTS/StigmergyElection-PT-05b.tgz
mv StigmergyElection-PT-05b execution
cd execution
if [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "UpperBounds" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "Liveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "OneSafe" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "StateSpace" ]; then
rm -f GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
fi
pwd
ls -lh

echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stdout:"
echo
echo "=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)"
echo
if [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "UpperBounds" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of positive values"
echo NUM_VECTOR
elif [ "ReachabilityFireability" != "StateSpace" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of booleans"
echo BOOL_VECTOR
else
echo "no data necessary for post analysis"
fi
echo
if [ -f "ReachabilityFireability.txt" ] ; then
echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)"
for x in $(grep Property ReachabilityFireability.txt | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | sort -u) ; do
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ -f "ReachabilityFireability.xml" ] ; then # for cunf (txt files deleted;-)
echo echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from xml file)"
for x in $(grep '' ReachabilityFireability.xml | cut -d '>' -f 2 | cut -d '<' -f 1 | sort -u) ; do
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "Liveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "OneSafe" ] ; then
echo "FORMULA_NAME ReachabilityFireability"
fi
echo
echo "=== Now, execution of the tool begins"
echo
echo -n "BK_START "
date -u +%s%3N
echo
timeout -s 9 $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT bash -c "/home/mcc/BenchKit/BenchKit_head.sh 2> STDERR ; echo ; echo -n \"BK_STOP \" ; date -u +%s%3N"
if [ $? -eq 137 ] ; then
echo
echo "BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT_REACHED"
fi
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stderr:"
echo
cat STDERR ;