About the Execution of 2022-gold for DES-PT-00a
Execution Summary | |||||
Max Memory Used (MB) |
Time wait (ms) | CPU Usage (ms) | I/O Wait (ms) | Computed Result | Execution Status |
16216.084 | 3592581.00 | 8487592.00 | 7511.20 | FTTTTTTTTF?FTT?T | normal |
Execution Chart
We display below the execution chart for this examination (boot time has been removed).
Trace from the execution
Formatting '/data/fkordon/mcc2023-input.r126-tall-167814503500259.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=4294967296 backing_file=/data/fkordon/mcc2023-input.qcow2 cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
Waiting for the VM to be ready (probing ssh)
.......................................................................................................................................
=====================================================================
Generated by BenchKit 2-5348
Executing tool gold2022
Input is DES-PT-00a, examination is CTLCardinality
Time confinement is 3600 seconds
Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes
Number of cores is 4
Run identifier is r126-tall-167814503500259
=====================================================================
--------------------
preparation of the directory to be used:
/home/mcc/execution
total 472K
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.9K Feb 26 15:46 CTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 77K Feb 26 15:46 CTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.9K Feb 26 15:45 CTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 32K Feb 26 15:45 CTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 Mar 5 18:22 equiv_col
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 4.2K Jan 29 11:40 GenericPropertiesDefinition.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.6K Jan 29 11:40 GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 4 Mar 5 18:22 instance
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 Mar 5 18:22 iscolored
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.4K Feb 25 15:49 LTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 25K Feb 25 15:49 LTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 2.0K Feb 25 15:49 LTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 16K Feb 25 15:49 LTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 31K Mar 5 18:22 model.pnml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 12K Feb 26 15:48 ReachabilityCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 133K Feb 26 15:48 ReachabilityCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 8.0K Feb 26 15:47 ReachabilityFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 72K Feb 26 15:47 ReachabilityFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 1.5K Feb 25 15:49 UpperBounds.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.5K Feb 25 15:49 UpperBounds.xml
--------------------
content from stdout:
=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)
The expected result is a vector of booleans
BOOL_VECTOR
here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-00
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-01
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-02
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-03
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-04
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-05
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-06
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-07
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-08
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-09
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-10
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-11
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-12
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-13
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-14
FORMULA_NAME DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-15
=== Now, execution of the tool begins
BK_START 1678214025537
gold2022
Got BK_BIN_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/
---> gold2022 --- TAPAAL v5
Setting MODEL_PATH=.
Setting VERIFYPN=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn
Got BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT=3600
Setting TEMPDIR=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp
Got BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT=16384
Limiting to 16265216 kB
Total timeout: 3590
Time left: 3590
*************************************
* TAPAAL verifying CTLCardinality *
*************************************
TEMPDIR=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp
QF=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f
MF=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex
Time left: 3590
---------------------------------------------------
Step -1: Stripping Colors
---------------------------------------------------
Verifying stripped models (16 in total)
/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -c -q 718 -l 29 -d 299 -z 4 -x 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 ./model.pnml ./CTLCardinality.xml
CPN OverApproximation is only usable on colored models
Time left: 3590
---------------------------------------------------
Step 0: Parallel Simplification
---------------------------------------------------
Doing parallel simplification (16 in total)
Total simplification timout is 718 -- reduction timeout is 299
timeout 3590 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -q 718 -l 29 -d 299 -z 4 -s OverApprox --binary-query-io 2 --write-simplified /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --write-reduced /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex -x 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 ./model.pnml ./CTLCardinality.xml
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-01 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 1 was solved
Query is satisfied.
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-07 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 7 was solved
Query is satisfied.
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-15 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 15 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Time left: 3590
---------------------------------------------------
Step 1: Parallel processing
---------------------------------------------------
Doing parallel verification of individual queries (13 in total)
Each query is verified by 4 parallel strategies for 299 seconds
------------------- QUERY 1 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.489887 on verification
@@@0.49,149028@@@
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.469305 on verification
@@@0.47,149000@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 1 -n
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ DFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 1 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-03 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3589
------------------- QUERY 2 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.09373 on verification
@@@0.10,59476@@@
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.107085 on verification
@@@0.11,150956@@@
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.09174 on verification
@@@0.09,59428@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 2 -n
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 2 -n
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 2 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-05 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3589
------------------- QUERY 3 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.
Spent 0.072635 on verification
@@@0.09,59576@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 3 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-00 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3588
------------------- QUERY 4 ----------------------
No solution found
Time left: 3286
------------------- QUERY 5 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.
Spent 0.048509 on verification
@@@0.05,59676@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 5 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-09 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3286
------------------- QUERY 6 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.049308 on verification
@@@0.05,59404@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 6 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-04 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3286
------------------- QUERY 7 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.
Spent 0.062329 on verification
@@@0.06,59368@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ DFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 7 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-11 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3285
------------------- QUERY 8 ----------------------
No solution found
Command terminated by signal 9
@@@254.17,4446872@@@
Time left: 2983
------------------- QUERY 9 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.058299 on verification
@@@0.07,59480@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 9 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-08 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 2983
------------------- QUERY 10 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 76.1307 on verification
@@@76.17,1605904@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 10 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-06 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 2906
------------------- QUERY 11 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.052414 on verification
@@@0.05,59332@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 11 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-13 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 2906
------------------- QUERY 12 ----------------------
No solution found
Time left: 2605
------------------- QUERY 13 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 0.058816 on verification
@@@0.07,59484@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 13 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-02 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 2604
---------------------------------------------------
Step 2: Sequential processing
---------------------------------------------------
Remaining 3 queries are verified sequentially.
Each query is verified for a dynamic timeout (at least 512 seconds)
Time left: 2604
------------------- QUERY 4 ----------------------
Running query 4 for 868 seconds. Remaining: 3 queries and 2604 seconds
Solution found by sequential processing (step 2)
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-12 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 539.397 on verification
@@@539.54,6258796@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -q\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 4 -n
Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.
Spent 539.397 on verification
@@@539.54,6258796@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -q\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.qQ4u59qyex /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/tmp/tmp.lFaDbeIK7f --binary-query-io 1 -x 4 -n
FORMULA DES-PT-00a-CTLCardinality-12 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 2064
------------------- QUERY 8 ----------------------
Running query 8 for 1032 seconds. Remaining: 2 queries and 2064 seconds
No solution found
Command terminated by signal 9
@@@460.27,8173200@@@
Command terminated by signal 9
@@@969.25,16148580@@@
Time left: 1095
------------------- QUERY 12 ----------------------
Running query 12 for 1095 seconds. Remaining: 1 queries and 1095 seconds
No solution found
Command terminated by signal 9
@@@440.56,8575572@@@
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc'
what(): std::bad_alloc
Command terminated by signal 6
@@@920.94,16127264@@@
Time left: 174
Time left: 174
---------------------------------------------------
Step 4: Random Parallel processing
---------------------------------------------------
Doing random parallel verification of individual queries (2 in total)
Each query is verified by 4 parallel strategies for 87 seconds
------------------- QUERY 8 ----------------------
No solution found
Time left: 84
------------------- QUERY 12 ----------------------
No solution found
Time left: -3
Out of time, terminating!
terminated-with-cleanup
BK_STOP 1678217618118
--------------------
content from stderr:
Sequence of Actions to be Executed by the VM
This is useful if one wants to reexecute the tool in the VM from the submitted image disk.
set -x
# this is for BenchKit: configuration of major elements for the test
export BK_INPUT="DES-PT-00a"
export BK_EXAMINATION="CTLCardinality"
export BK_TOOL="gold2022"
export BK_RESULT_DIR="/tmp/BK_RESULTS/OUTPUTS"
export BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT="3600"
export BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT="16384"
export BK_BIN_PATH="/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/"
# this is specific to your benchmark or test
export BIN_DIR="$HOME/BenchKit/bin"
# remove the execution directoty if it exists (to avoid increse of .vmdk images)
if [ -d execution ] ; then
rm -rf execution
fi
# this is for BenchKit: explicit launching of the test
echo "====================================================================="
echo " Generated by BenchKit 2-5348"
echo " Executing tool gold2022"
echo " Input is DES-PT-00a, examination is CTLCardinality"
echo " Time confinement is $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT seconds"
echo " Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes"
echo " Number of cores is 4"
echo " Run identifier is r126-tall-167814503500259"
echo "====================================================================="
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "preparation of the directory to be used:"
tar xzf /home/mcc/BenchKit/INPUTS/DES-PT-00a.tgz
mv DES-PT-00a execution
cd execution
if [ "CTLCardinality" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "UpperBounds" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "Liveness" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "OneSafe" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "StateSpace" ]; then
rm -f GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
fi
pwd
ls -lh
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stdout:"
echo
echo "=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)"
echo
if [ "CTLCardinality" = "UpperBounds" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of positive values"
echo NUM_VECTOR
elif [ "CTLCardinality" != "StateSpace" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of booleans"
echo BOOL_VECTOR
else
echo "no data necessary for post analysis"
fi
echo
if [ -f "CTLCardinality.txt" ] ; then
echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)"
for x in $(grep Property CTLCardinality.txt | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | sort -u) ; do
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ -f "CTLCardinality.xml" ] ; then # for cunf (txt files deleted;-)
echo echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from xml file)"
for x in $(grep '
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ "CTLCardinality" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "Liveness" ] || [ "CTLCardinality" = "OneSafe" ] ; then
echo "FORMULA_NAME CTLCardinality"
fi
echo
echo "=== Now, execution of the tool begins"
echo
echo -n "BK_START "
date -u +%s%3N
echo
timeout -s 9 $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT bash -c "/home/mcc/BenchKit/BenchKit_head.sh 2> STDERR ; echo ; echo -n \"BK_STOP \" ; date -u +%s%3N"
if [ $? -eq 137 ] ; then
echo
echo "BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT_REACHED"
fi
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stderr:"
echo
cat STDERR ;