About the Execution of Smart+red for BugTracking-PT-q3m016
Execution Summary | |||||
Max Memory Used (MB) |
Time wait (ms) | CPU Usage (ms) | I/O Wait (ms) | Computed Result | Execution Status |
669.312 | 81473.00 | 102633.00 | 136.90 | TTFFFFFTFFFT?FFF | normal |
Execution Chart
We display below the execution chart for this examination (boot time has been removed).
Trace from the execution
Formatting '/mnt/tpsp/fkordon/mcc2023-input.r043-tajo-167813696700351.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=4294967296 backing_file='/mnt/tpsp/fkordon/mcc2023-input.qcow2' encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off
Waiting for the VM to be ready (probing ssh)
....................
=====================================================================
Generated by BenchKit 2-5348
Executing tool smartxred
Input is BugTracking-PT-q3m016, examination is ReachabilityFireability
Time confinement is 3600 seconds
Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes
Number of cores is 4
Run identifier is r043-tajo-167813696700351
=====================================================================
--------------------
preparation of the directory to be used:
/home/mcc/execution
total 16M
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 7.8K Feb 26 06:39 CTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 68K Feb 26 06:39 CTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.7K Feb 26 06:04 CTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 62K Feb 26 06:04 CTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 4.6K Feb 25 15:37 LTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 27K Feb 25 15:37 LTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 2.3K Feb 25 15:37 LTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 17K Feb 25 15:37 LTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 9.5K Feb 26 07:31 ReachabilityCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 75K Feb 26 07:31 ReachabilityCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 12K Feb 26 07:13 ReachabilityFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 102K Feb 26 07:13 ReachabilityFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 1.8K Feb 25 15:37 UpperBounds.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.9K Feb 25 15:37 UpperBounds.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 Mar 5 18:22 equiv_col
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 7 Mar 5 18:22 instance
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 Mar 5 18:22 iscolored
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 16M Mar 5 18:22 model.pnml
--------------------
content from stdout:
=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)
The expected result is a vector of booleans
BOOL_VECTOR
here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-00
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-01
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-02
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-03
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-04
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-05
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-06
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-07
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-08
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-09
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-10
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-11
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-12
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-13
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-14
FORMULA_NAME BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-15
=== Now, execution of the tool begins
BK_START 1678784776985
bash -c /home/mcc/BenchKit/BenchKit_head.sh 2> STDERR ; echo ; echo -n "BK_STOP " ; date -u +%s%3N
Invoking MCC driver with
BK_TOOL=smartxred
BK_EXAMINATION=ReachabilityFireability
BK_BIN_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/
BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT=3600
BK_INPUT=BugTracking-PT-q3m016
Applying reductions before tool smart
Invoking reducer
Running Version 202303021504
[2023-03-14 09:06:18] [INFO ] Running its-tools with arguments : [-pnfolder, /home/mcc/execution, -examination, ReachabilityFireability, -timeout, 360, -rebuildPNML]
[2023-03-14 09:06:18] [INFO ] Parsing pnml file : /home/mcc/execution/model.pnml
[2023-03-14 09:06:19] [INFO ] Load time of PNML (sax parser for PT used): 636 ms
[2023-03-14 09:06:19] [INFO ] Transformed 754 places.
[2023-03-14 09:06:19] [INFO ] Transformed 27370 transitions.
[2023-03-14 09:06:19] [INFO ] Parsed PT model containing 754 places and 27370 transitions and 136172 arcs in 849 ms.
Parsed 16 properties from file /home/mcc/execution/ReachabilityFireability.xml in 25 ms.
Working with output stream class java.io.PrintStream
Deduced a syphon composed of 514 places in 121 ms
Reduce places removed 514 places and 24601 transitions.
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-00 TRUE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-01 TRUE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-02 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-03 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-04 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-05 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-06 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-07 TRUE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-08 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-09 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-10 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-11 TRUE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-13 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-14 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
FORMULA BugTracking-PT-q3m016-ReachabilityFireability-15 FALSE TECHNIQUES TOPOLOGICAL INITIAL_STATE
Incomplete random walk after 10000 steps, including 44 resets, run finished after 138 ms. (steps per millisecond=72 ) properties (out of 1) seen :0
Incomplete Best-First random walk after 10000 steps, including 6 resets, run finished after 33 ms. (steps per millisecond=303 ) properties (out of 1) seen :0
Interrupted probabilistic random walk after 212652 steps, run timeout after 3001 ms. (steps per millisecond=70 ) properties seen :{}
Probabilistic random walk after 212652 steps, saw 114982 distinct states, run finished after 3002 ms. (steps per millisecond=70 ) properties seen :0
Running SMT prover for 1 properties.
[2023-03-14 09:06:23] [INFO ] Flow matrix only has 2642 transitions (discarded 127 similar events)
// Phase 1: matrix 2642 rows 240 cols
[2023-03-14 09:06:23] [INFO ] Computed 10 place invariants in 44 ms
[2023-03-14 09:06:23] [INFO ] [Real]Absence check using 10 positive place invariants in 11 ms returned sat
[2023-03-14 09:06:23] [INFO ] After 710ms SMT Verify possible using all constraints in real domain returned unsat :0 sat :0 real:1
[2023-03-14 09:06:23] [INFO ] [Nat]Absence check using 10 positive place invariants in 2 ms returned sat
[2023-03-14 09:06:24] [INFO ] After 645ms SMT Verify possible using state equation in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
[2023-03-14 09:06:24] [INFO ] State equation strengthened by 255 read => feed constraints.
[2023-03-14 09:06:25] [INFO ] After 365ms SMT Verify possible using 255 Read/Feed constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
[2023-03-14 09:06:25] [INFO ] Deduced a trap composed of 10 places in 315 ms of which 16 ms to minimize.
[2023-03-14 09:06:25] [INFO ] Deduced a trap composed of 12 places in 303 ms of which 14 ms to minimize.
[2023-03-14 09:06:26] [INFO ] Deduced a trap composed of 12 places in 155 ms of which 1 ms to minimize.
[2023-03-14 09:06:26] [INFO ] Trap strengthening (SAT) tested/added 4/3 trap constraints in 1080 ms
[2023-03-14 09:06:26] [INFO ] After 1561ms SMT Verify possible using trap constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
Attempting to minimize the solution found.
Minimization took 93 ms.
[2023-03-14 09:06:26] [INFO ] After 2428ms SMT Verify possible using all constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
Parikh walk visited 0 properties in 17 ms.
Support contains 3 out of 240 places. Attempting structural reductions.
Starting structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode, iteration 0 : 240/240 places, 2769/2769 transitions.
Graph (complete) has 3422 edges and 240 vertex of which 238 are kept as prefixes of interest. Removing 2 places using SCC suffix rule.16 ms
Discarding 2 places :
Also discarding 0 output transitions
Discarding 1 places :
Symmetric choice reduction at 0 with 1 rule applications. Total rules 2 place count 237 transition count 2750
Iterating global reduction 0 with 1 rules applied. Total rules applied 3 place count 237 transition count 2750
Performed 2 Post agglomeration using F-continuation condition.Transition count delta: -3
Deduced a syphon composed of 2 places in 4 ms
Reduce places removed 2 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating global reduction 0 with 4 rules applied. Total rules applied 7 place count 235 transition count 2753
Free-agglomeration rule applied 6 times.
Iterating global reduction 0 with 6 rules applied. Total rules applied 13 place count 235 transition count 2747
Reduce places removed 6 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating post reduction 0 with 6 rules applied. Total rules applied 19 place count 229 transition count 2747
Applied a total of 19 rules in 366 ms. Remains 229 /240 variables (removed 11) and now considering 2747/2769 (removed 22) transitions.
Finished structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode , in 1 iterations and 367 ms. Remains : 229/240 places, 2747/2769 transitions.
Incomplete random walk after 10000 steps, including 2 resets, run finished after 36 ms. (steps per millisecond=277 ) properties (out of 1) seen :0
Incomplete Best-First random walk after 10001 steps, including 2 resets, run finished after 24 ms. (steps per millisecond=416 ) properties (out of 1) seen :0
Interrupted probabilistic random walk after 179929 steps, run timeout after 3001 ms. (steps per millisecond=59 ) properties seen :{}
Probabilistic random walk after 179929 steps, saw 84287 distinct states, run finished after 3001 ms. (steps per millisecond=59 ) properties seen :0
Running SMT prover for 1 properties.
[2023-03-14 09:06:29] [INFO ] Flow matrix only has 2618 transitions (discarded 129 similar events)
// Phase 1: matrix 2618 rows 229 cols
[2023-03-14 09:06:29] [INFO ] Computed 8 place invariants in 33 ms
[2023-03-14 09:06:29] [INFO ] [Real]Absence check using 8 positive place invariants in 25 ms returned sat
[2023-03-14 09:06:30] [INFO ] After 626ms SMT Verify possible using all constraints in real domain returned unsat :0 sat :0 real:1
[2023-03-14 09:06:30] [INFO ] [Nat]Absence check using 8 positive place invariants in 2 ms returned sat
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] After 523ms SMT Verify possible using state equation in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] State equation strengthened by 241 read => feed constraints.
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] After 335ms SMT Verify possible using 241 Read/Feed constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] Deduced a trap composed of 12 places in 70 ms of which 2 ms to minimize.
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] Trap strengthening (SAT) tested/added 2/1 trap constraints in 189 ms
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] After 590ms SMT Verify possible using trap constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
Attempting to minimize the solution found.
Minimization took 95 ms.
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] After 1288ms SMT Verify possible using all constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
Parikh walk visited 0 properties in 1 ms.
Support contains 3 out of 229 places. Attempting structural reductions.
Starting structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode, iteration 0 : 229/229 places, 2747/2747 transitions.
Applied a total of 0 rules in 68 ms. Remains 229 /229 variables (removed 0) and now considering 2747/2747 (removed 0) transitions.
Finished structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode , in 1 iterations and 69 ms. Remains : 229/229 places, 2747/2747 transitions.
Starting structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode, iteration 0 : 229/229 places, 2747/2747 transitions.
Applied a total of 0 rules in 68 ms. Remains 229 /229 variables (removed 0) and now considering 2747/2747 (removed 0) transitions.
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] Flow matrix only has 2618 transitions (discarded 129 similar events)
[2023-03-14 09:06:31] [INFO ] Invariant cache hit.
[2023-03-14 09:06:32] [INFO ] Implicit Places using invariants in 364 ms returned []
[2023-03-14 09:06:32] [INFO ] Flow matrix only has 2618 transitions (discarded 129 similar events)
[2023-03-14 09:06:32] [INFO ] Invariant cache hit.
[2023-03-14 09:06:32] [INFO ] State equation strengthened by 241 read => feed constraints.
[2023-03-14 09:06:33] [INFO ] Implicit Places using invariants and state equation in 1189 ms returned []
Implicit Place search using SMT with State Equation took 1558 ms to find 0 implicit places.
[2023-03-14 09:06:33] [INFO ] Redundant transitions in 180 ms returned []
[2023-03-14 09:06:33] [INFO ] Flow matrix only has 2618 transitions (discarded 129 similar events)
[2023-03-14 09:06:33] [INFO ] Invariant cache hit.
[2023-03-14 09:06:34] [INFO ] Dead Transitions using invariants and state equation in 838 ms found 0 transitions.
Finished structural reductions in REACHABILITY mode , in 1 iterations and 2656 ms. Remains : 229/229 places, 2747/2747 transitions.
Drop transitions removed 6 transitions
Ensure Unique test removed 124 transitions
Reduce isomorphic transitions removed 130 transitions.
Iterating post reduction 0 with 130 rules applied. Total rules applied 130 place count 229 transition count 2617
Performed 2 Post agglomeration using F-continuation condition.Transition count delta: 2
Deduced a syphon composed of 2 places in 1 ms
Reduce places removed 2 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating global reduction 1 with 4 rules applied. Total rules applied 134 place count 227 transition count 2615
Drop transitions removed 1 transitions
Redundant transition composition rules discarded 1 transitions
Iterating global reduction 1 with 1 rules applied. Total rules applied 135 place count 227 transition count 2614
Free-agglomeration rule applied 4 times.
Iterating global reduction 1 with 4 rules applied. Total rules applied 139 place count 227 transition count 2610
Reduce places removed 4 places and 0 transitions.
Iterating post reduction 1 with 4 rules applied. Total rules applied 143 place count 223 transition count 2610
Applied a total of 143 rules in 318 ms. Remains 223 /229 variables (removed 6) and now considering 2610/2747 (removed 137) transitions.
Running SMT prover for 1 properties.
// Phase 1: matrix 2610 rows 223 cols
[2023-03-14 09:06:34] [INFO ] Computed 9 place invariants in 32 ms
[2023-03-14 09:06:34] [INFO ] [Real]Absence check using 9 positive place invariants in 3 ms returned sat
[2023-03-14 09:06:35] [INFO ] After 560ms SMT Verify possible using all constraints in real domain returned unsat :0 sat :0 real:1
[2023-03-14 09:06:35] [INFO ] [Nat]Absence check using 9 positive place invariants in 4 ms returned sat
[2023-03-14 09:06:35] [INFO ] After 490ms SMT Verify possible using state equation in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
[2023-03-14 09:06:36] [INFO ] After 589ms SMT Verify possible using trap constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
Attempting to minimize the solution found.
Minimization took 60 ms.
[2023-03-14 09:06:36] [INFO ] After 723ms SMT Verify possible using all constraints in natural domain returned unsat :0 sat :1
[2023-03-14 09:06:36] [INFO ] Export to MCC of 1 properties in file /home/mcc/execution/ReachabilityFireability.sr.xml took 3 ms.
[2023-03-14 09:06:36] [INFO ] Export to PNML in file /home/mcc/execution/model.sr.pnml of net with 229 places, 2747 transitions and 13485 arcs took 18 ms.
[2023-03-14 09:06:37] [INFO ] Flatten gal took : 482 ms
Total runtime 18372 ms.
There are residual formulas that ITS could not solve within timeout
======================================================
========== this is Smart for the MCC'2018 ============
======================================================
Running BugTracking (PT), instance q3m016
Examination ReachabilityFireability
Parser /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin//../reducer/bin//../../smart/bin//parser/Fireability.jar
Model checker /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin//../reducer/bin//../../smart/bin//rem_exec//smart
GOT IT HERE. BS
Petri model created: 229 places, 2747 transitions, 13485 arcs.
Final Score: 33790.329
Took : 60 seconds
Reachability Fireability file is: ReachabilityFireability.xml
READY TO PARSE. BS
BK_STOP 1678784858458
--------------------
content from stderr:
+ ulimit -s 65536
+ [[ -z '' ]]
+ export LTSMIN_MEM_SIZE=8589934592
+ LTSMIN_MEM_SIZE=8589934592
+ export PYTHONPATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs
+ PYTHONPATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs
+ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs:
+ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/mcc/BenchKit/itstools/pylibs:
++ sed s/.jar//
++ perl -pe 's/.*\.//g'
++ ls /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin//../reducer/bin//../../itstools//itstools/plugins/fr.lip6.move.gal.application.pnmcc_1.0.0.202303021504.jar
+ VERSION=202303021504
+ echo 'Running Version 202303021504'
+ /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin//../reducer/bin//../../itstools//itstools/its-tools -pnfolder /home/mcc/execution -examination ReachabilityFireability -timeout 360 -rebuildPNML
ERROR in file model.sm near line 16477:
syntax error
Sequence of Actions to be Executed by the VM
This is useful if one wants to reexecute the tool in the VM from the submitted image disk.
set -x
# this is for BenchKit: configuration of major elements for the test
export BK_INPUT="BugTracking-PT-q3m016"
export BK_EXAMINATION="ReachabilityFireability"
export BK_TOOL="smartxred"
export BK_RESULT_DIR="/tmp/BK_RESULTS/OUTPUTS"
export BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT="3600"
export BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT="16384"
export BK_BIN_PATH="/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/"
# this is specific to your benchmark or test
export BIN_DIR="$HOME/BenchKit/bin"
# remove the execution directoty if it exists (to avoid increse of .vmdk images)
if [ -d execution ] ; then
rm -rf execution
fi
# this is for BenchKit: explicit launching of the test
echo "====================================================================="
echo " Generated by BenchKit 2-5348"
echo " Executing tool smartxred"
echo " Input is BugTracking-PT-q3m016, examination is ReachabilityFireability"
echo " Time confinement is $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT seconds"
echo " Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes"
echo " Number of cores is 4"
echo " Run identifier is r043-tajo-167813696700351"
echo "====================================================================="
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "preparation of the directory to be used:"
tar xzf /home/mcc/BenchKit/INPUTS/BugTracking-PT-q3m016.tgz
mv BugTracking-PT-q3m016 execution
cd execution
if [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "UpperBounds" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "Liveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "OneSafe" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "StateSpace" ]; then
rm -f GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
fi
pwd
ls -lh
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stdout:"
echo
echo "=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)"
echo
if [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "UpperBounds" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of positive values"
echo NUM_VECTOR
elif [ "ReachabilityFireability" != "StateSpace" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of booleans"
echo BOOL_VECTOR
else
echo "no data necessary for post analysis"
fi
echo
if [ -f "ReachabilityFireability.txt" ] ; then
echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)"
for x in $(grep Property ReachabilityFireability.txt | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | sort -u) ; do
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ -f "ReachabilityFireability.xml" ] ; then # for cunf (txt files deleted;-)
echo echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from xml file)"
for x in $(grep '
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "ReachabilityDeadlock" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "QuasiLiveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "StableMarking" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "Liveness" ] || [ "ReachabilityFireability" = "OneSafe" ] ; then
echo "FORMULA_NAME ReachabilityFireability"
fi
echo
echo "=== Now, execution of the tool begins"
echo
echo -n "BK_START "
date -u +%s%3N
echo
timeout -s 9 $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT bash -c "/home/mcc/BenchKit/BenchKit_head.sh 2> STDERR ; echo ; echo -n \"BK_STOP \" ; date -u +%s%3N"
if [ $? -eq 137 ] ; then
echo
echo "BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT_REACHED"
fi
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stderr:"
echo
cat STDERR ;