fond
Model Checking Contest 2019
9th edition, Prague, Czech Republic, April 7, 2019 (TOOLympics)
Execution of r127-oct2-155274854100103
Last Updated
Apr 15, 2019

About the Execution of Tapaal for PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30

Execution Summary
Max Memory
Used (MB)
Time wait (ms) CPU Usage (ms) I/O Wait (ms) Computed Result Execution
Status
14764.830 3592622.00 7697534.00 137.40 FT?FTF?FTTTTFFFF normal

Execution Chart

We display below the execution chart for this examination (boot time has been removed).

Trace from the execution

Formatting '/data/fko/mcc2019-input.r127-oct2-155274854100103.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=4294967296 backing_file=/data/fko/mcc2019-input.qcow2 cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
Waiting for the VM to be ready (probing ssh)
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................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=====================================================================
Generated by BenchKit 2-3954
Executing tool tapaal
Input is PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30, examination is CTLCardinality
Time confinement is 3600 seconds
Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes
Number of cores is 4
Run identifier is r127-oct2-155274854100103
=====================================================================

--------------------
preparation of the directory to be used:
/home/mcc/execution
total 2.4M
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 15K Feb 12 09:38 CTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 53K Feb 12 09:38 CTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 56K Feb 8 10:21 CTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 170K Feb 8 10:21 CTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 4.0K Mar 10 17:31 GenericPropertiesDefinition.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.2K Mar 10 17:31 GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 106 Feb 24 15:05 GlobalProperties.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 344 Feb 24 15:05 GlobalProperties.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 3.8K Feb 5 00:40 LTLCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 13K Feb 5 00:40 LTLCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 18K Feb 4 22:40 LTLFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 51K Feb 4 22:40 LTLFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6.8K Feb 4 13:04 ReachabilityCardinality.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 24K Feb 4 13:04 ReachabilityCardinality.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 43K Feb 1 08:50 ReachabilityFireability.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 131K Feb 1 08:50 ReachabilityFireability.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 2.2K Feb 4 22:25 UpperBounds.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 5.0K Feb 4 22:25 UpperBounds.xml

-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 5 Jan 29 09:34 equiv_col
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 7 Jan 29 09:34 instance
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 6 Jan 29 09:34 iscolored
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcc users 1.7M Mar 10 17:31 model.pnml

--------------------
content from stdout:

=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)

The expected result is a vector of booleans
BOOL_VECTOR

here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-00
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-01
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-02
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-03
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-04
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-05
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-06
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-07
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-08
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-09
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-10
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-11
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-12
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-13
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-14
FORMULA_NAME PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-15

=== Now, execution of the tool begins

BK_START 1553787732859

tapaal
---> tapaal --- TAPAAL
Total timeout: 3590
Time left: 3589

*************************************
* TAPAAL verifying CTLCardinality *
*************************************
/home/mcc/tmp
/home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8
/home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq
Time left: 3589
---------------------------------------------------
Step -1: Stripping Colors
---------------------------------------------------
Verifying stripped models (16 in total)

Time left: 3589
---------------------------------------------------
Step 0: Parallel Simplification
---------------------------------------------------
Doing parallel simplification (16 in total)
Total simplification timout is 718 -- reduction timeout is 299
/home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -q 718 -l 29 -d 299 -z 4 -s OverApprox --write-simplified /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8 --write-reduced /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq -x 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 ./model.pnml ./CTLCardinality.xml





FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-00 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 0 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.


FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-04 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 4 was solved

Query is satisfied.


FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-09 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 9 was solved

Query is satisfied.


FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-10 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 10 was solved

Query is satisfied.


FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-11 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 11 was solved

Query is satisfied.


FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-12 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 12 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.


FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-13 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 13 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.


FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-15 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING STRUCTURAL_REDUCTION QUERY_REDUCTION SAT_SMT LP_APPROX
Query index 15 was solved

Query is NOT satisfied.
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Solution found by parallel simplification (step 0)
Time left: 3586

---------------------------------------------------
Step 1: Parallel processing
---------------------------------------------------
Doing parallel verification of individual queries (8 in total)
Each query is verified by 4 parallel strategies for 299 seconds
------------------- QUERY 1 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").






Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.



Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.



Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.

@@@0.34,91256@@@
@@@0.32,91148@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8 --binary-query-io 1 -x 1 -n

FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-03 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3585
------------------- QUERY 2 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").






Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.

@@@0.32,91136@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ DFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8 --binary-query-io 1 -x 2 -n

FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-05 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3584
------------------- QUERY 3 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").






Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.



Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.



Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.

@@@0.30,91240@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8 --binary-query-io 1 -x 3 -n

FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-14 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3584
------------------- QUERY 4 ----------------------
No solution found
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").


Time left: 3281
------------------- QUERY 5 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").






Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.

@@@0.31,91168@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8 --binary-query-io 1 -x 5 -n

FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-08 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3280
------------------- QUERY 6 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").






Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.

@@@0.29,91180@@@


Query index 0 was solved
Query is satisfied.

parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -s\ BestFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8 --binary-query-io 1 -x 6 -n

FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-01 TRUE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 3279
------------------- QUERY 7 ----------------------
No solution found
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").


Time left: 2978
------------------- QUERY 8 ----------------------
Solution found by parallel processing (step 1)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").






Query index 0 was solved
Query is NOT satisfied.

@@@0.30,91180@@@
parallel: This job succeeded:
eval /usr/bin/time -f "@@@%e,%M@@@" /home/mcc/BenchKit/bin/verifypn -n -tar\ -s\ RDFS\ -q\ 0\ -l\ 0\ -d\ 119 /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.f3xqU3EYZq /home/mcc/tmp/tmp.mn9E6oLhU8 --binary-query-io 1 -x 8 -n

FORMULA PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30-CTLCardinality-07 FALSE TECHNIQUES COLLATERAL_PROCESSING EXPLICIT STATE_COMPRESSION SAT_SMT STUBBORN_SETS CTL_CZERO
Time left: 2977
---------------------------------------------------
Step 2: Sequential processing
---------------------------------------------------
Remaining 2 queries are verified sequentially.
Each query is verified for a dynamic timeout (at least 512 seconds)
Time left: 2977
------------------- QUERY 4 ----------------------
Running query 4 for 1488 seconds. Remaining: 2 queries and 2977 seconds

No solution found
Time left: 2511
------------------- QUERY 7 ----------------------
Running query 7 for 2511 seconds. Remaining: 1 queries and 2511 seconds

No solution found
Time left: 772
Time left: 772
---------------------------------------------------
Step 4: Random Parallel processing
---------------------------------------------------
Doing random parallel verification of individual queries (2 in total)
Each query is verified by 4 parallel strategies for 386 seconds
------------------- QUERY 4 ----------------------
No solution found
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").


Time left: 383
------------------- QUERY 7 ----------------------
No solution found
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "fr_FR.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").


Time left: -3
Out of time, terminating!

BK_STOP 1553791325481

--------------------
content from stderr:

CPN OverApproximation is only usable on colored models
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc'
what(): std::bad_alloc
Command terminated by signal 6
"@@@466.04,14931648@@@"
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc'
what(): std::bad_alloc
Command terminated by signal 6
"@@@1738.28,14833580@@@"

Sequence of Actions to be Executed by the VM

This is useful if one wants to reexecute the tool in the VM from the submitted image disk.

set -x
# this is for BenchKit: configuration of major elements for the test
export BK_INPUT="PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30"
export BK_EXAMINATION="CTLCardinality"
export BK_TOOL="tapaal"
export BK_RESULT_DIR="/tmp/BK_RESULTS/OUTPUTS"
export BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT="3600"
export BK_MEMORY_CONFINEMENT="16384"

# this is specific to your benchmark or test

export BIN_DIR="$HOME/BenchKit/bin"

# remove the execution directoty if it exists (to avoid increse of .vmdk images)
if [ -d execution ] ; then
rm -rf execution
fi

# this is for BenchKit: explicit launching of the test
echo "====================================================================="
echo " Generated by BenchKit 2-3954"
echo " Executing tool tapaal"
echo " Input is PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30, examination is CTLCardinality"
echo " Time confinement is $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT seconds"
echo " Memory confinement is 16384 MBytes"
echo " Number of cores is 4"
echo " Run identifier is r127-oct2-155274854100103"
echo "====================================================================="
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "preparation of the directory to be used:"

tar xzf /home/mcc/BenchKit/INPUTS/PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30.tgz
mv PolyORBNT-PT-S05J30 execution
cd execution
if [ "CTLCardinality" = "GlobalProperties" ] ; then
rm -f GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
fi
if [ "CTLCardinality" = "UpperBounds" ] ; then
rm -f GenericPropertiesVerdict.xml
fi
pwd
ls -lh

echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stdout:"
echo
echo "=== Data for post analysis generated by BenchKit (invocation template)"
echo
if [ "CTLCardinality" = "UpperBounds" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of positive values"
echo NUM_VECTOR
elif [ "CTLCardinality" != "StateSpace" ] ; then
echo "The expected result is a vector of booleans"
echo BOOL_VECTOR
else
echo "no data necessary for post analysis"
fi
echo
if [ -f "CTLCardinality.txt" ] ; then
echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from text file)"
for x in $(grep Property CTLCardinality.txt | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | sort -u) ; do
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
elif [ -f "CTLCardinality.xml" ] ; then # for cunf (txt files deleted;-)
echo echo "here is the order used to build the result vector(from xml file)"
for x in $(grep '' CTLCardinality.xml | cut -d '>' -f 2 | cut -d '<' -f 1 | sort -u) ; do
echo "FORMULA_NAME $x"
done
fi
echo
echo "=== Now, execution of the tool begins"
echo
echo -n "BK_START "
date -u +%s%3N
echo
timeout -s 9 $BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT bash -c "/home/mcc/BenchKit/BenchKit_head.sh 2> STDERR ; echo ; echo -n \"BK_STOP \" ; date -u +%s%3N"
if [ $? -eq 137 ] ; then
echo
echo "BK_TIME_CONFINEMENT_REACHED"
fi
echo
echo "--------------------"
echo "content from stderr:"
echo
cat STDERR ;